Adoption and Growth of Move-to-Earn Models
- STEPN (Move-to-Earn Pioneer): STEPN launched in late 2021 and saw explosive early growth by gamifying fitness with crypto rewards. By May 2022, it reached a peak of ~104,000 daily active users on Solana (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) for 15% of all Solana network activity. The app gain (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) f downloads** (about 1.8M in May 2022 alone, ~24% of its category) as users were enticed by the “earn while you run” concept. However, growth **stalled (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) e the initial hype passed. A ban on the app in China (mid-2022) cut off some growth, and more critically, the pool of new (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) to pay for expensive NFT sneakers dried up. STEPN’s growth was heavily front-loaded – it soared on speculation and then plateaued as the market saturated.
- Sweat Economy (Sweatcoin): In contrast, Sweat Economy (the Web3 evolution of the Sweatcoin app) built up a massive user base over years. Sweatcoin started in 2015 as a free Web2 fitness app, amassing over 120 million users by the time it introduced crypto tokens. It became the most downloaded health app in 60+ coun (Sweatcoin Review 2025: Can You Earn Crypto By Walking?) -to-earn model was **frictionless for users (no upfront co (Sweat Economy to Usher 140M Users to Web3 | CIO Africa) option was broad and inclusive. When Sweat Economy launched the $SWEAT crypto token in 2022, it effectively took (Move-to-Earn After STEPN: What’s Next for These Projects? | HardHodler on Binance Square) a huge existing community into Web3, positioning it as one of the largest crypto on-ramps ever. This gradual growth strategy meant Sweat’s adoption curve was steadier and based on (Sweat Economy to Usher 140M Users to Web3 | CIO Africa) gement rather than quick speculative gains.
Comparison – Fast Hype vs. Steady Scale: STEPN proved that “move-to-earn” can attract users rapidly when there’s a lucrative incentive, but sustaining that growth was challenging once early adopters were in. Sweat Economy’s approach of building a large community first (with simple rewards like gift cards) and then tokenizing later led to a huge initial crypto user base without the same speculative frenzy. In terms of probability of success, projects with lower entry barriers and real utility (like Sweatcoin’s health rewards) have shown more durable adoption, whereas those requiring investment (buying NFTs in STEPN) face the risk of user growth evaporating after the early boom.
Financial Sustainability and Tokenomics
- STEPN’s Economic Model: STEPN operated a dual-token system: an in-game reward token (GST, with unlimited supply) and a governance token (GMT, limited supply). Early on, the model was extremely profitable – STEPN pulled in $26 million in profit in Q1 2022 (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) NFT sneaker mints and marketplace fees, achieving a unicorn valuation. However, this economy relied on continuous new NFT buyers to fund the rewar (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) ng players, a structure often dubbed ponzinomic. As expected in such a model, sustainability issues emerged: when user growth slowed, the inflow of funds dropped and th (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) es collapsed. In just late Q2 2022, GST’s market cap fell from $140M to $24M and its price plunged 95%, while the floor price of sneaker NFTs cratered (from ~$1,500 to under $200 in two months). STEPN did implement adjustments – for example (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) reducing dynamic minting costs so that minting new sneakers would always require some GMT ( (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) demand). It also planned features like sneaker rental (to lower the entry barrier) and additional token sinks (e.g. customization, achievement badges) to prop up the economy. Despi (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) ts, STEPN’s financial sustainability was fundamentally undermined by its need for exponential user growth. Once the player acquisition rate decelerated, the revenue and token value couldn’t be maintained.
- Sweat Economy’s Tokenomics: Sweat took a more conservative approach to financial (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) . The SWEAT token is earned by walking, but the app emphasizes that earnings are modest – users shouldn’t expect to quit their jobs by walking. This manages expectations and reduces sell-pressure from people seeking quick profit. The Sweat economy has built-in mechanisms to control inflation: as more SWEAT is minted from steps, the diff (Sweatcoin Review 2025: Can You Earn Crypto By Walking?) s (each token requires more steps over time), ensuring that minting new tokens gets harder (this mimics Bitcoin-like emissions in concept). Moreover, Sweat Economy’s community and team took steps to curb oversupply – for instance, they burned 1.8 billion unclaimed SWEAT tokens (from users who hadn’t transitioned from the old app) to make the token deflationary. Unlike STEPN, Sweat doesn’t require users to buy assets to participate, meaning new users aren’t injecting money just to get started – this reduces the ponzi-like dependence on new capital. Instead, the project (Sweat Economy to Usher 140M Users to Web3 | CIO Africa) ia partnerships and an in-app marketplace. By 2022 it had 600 partner companies providing $70M worth of products for the Sweatcoin marketplace, an external value that supports the rewards ecosystem. The sustainability of Sweat Economy will hinge on continued external sponsorships, user interest in spending tokens within the ecosystem, and the controlled token i (Sweatcoin Review 2025: Can You Earn Crypto By Walking?) , its model appears more financially balanced than STEPN’s, trading off explosive ROI for users in favor of longevity (which improves its probability of long-term success).
Key Learning – Sustainability vs. Hype: The contrast between STEPN and Sweat Economy highlights that financial sustainability is the linchpin of move-to-earn success. A high-reward, high-cost-entry model can generate fast revenue (as STEPN did) but is hard to sustain without constant growth. Models that align rewards with real economic inputs (advertising, partnerships, health value) and throttle token issuance to match usage (as Sweat does) are more likely to maintain value. From these examples, new projects learn to bala (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) and sources: STEPN’s crash underscored the danger of unlimited token minting without equal burn mechanisms, whereas Sweat’s controlled approach offers a blueprint for a more stable token economy (e.g., periodically reducing token issuance and involving the community in economic decisions).
Community Engagement and User Retention
- STEPN’s Community: In its heyday, STEPN cultivated a large community of crypto-savvy users and runners attracted by the idea of “getting paid to exercise.” Social media and Discord groups grew quickly with tips on maximizing earnings. However, because the majority of players were motivated by profit, community sentiment was fickle – when earnings dropped, many users lost interest. The retention of existing users fell as token rewards declined, though STEPN did retain a core of enthusiasts. The team attempted to boost engagement beyond earnings by adding gamified elements: for example, they teased a Marathon Mode and Achievement badges as longer-term goals, and they encouraged community events like virtual races. They also talked about Social-Fi elements – integrating social features so users could interact and maybe compete/cooperate. Despite these, STEPN’s community engagement had a boom-bust pattern tied closely to the token’s fortunes. An external shock came in mid-2022 when STEPN announced it would geo-block users in China (due to regulatory concerns). While China wasn’t a huge portion of the user base, this move still rattled the community and underscored regulatory risk. On the positive side, STEPN’s active users formed sub-communities (by region, or by running clubs) that gave the project a grassroots feel during its peak. The challenge was conver (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) y that was earning-focused into one that was fitness and fun-focused once the earnings tapered. This is a lesson in engagement: a tokenized app needs to provide value beyond the monetary reward to keep users invested long-term.
- Sweat Economy’s Community: Sweat’s community stems from a mainstream user base – people who wanted to be more active and earn small rewards. This community tends to be more health-motivated and casual, as opposed to purely profit-seeking. Sweatcoin alway (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) self as a wellness app first, which means community engagement often revolves around fitness challenges, daily step goals, and social encouragement, rather than earnings. After introducing the SWEAT token, Sweat Economy managed to involve its community in the crypto aspect in an accessible way. Notably, it held a historic governance vote with 380,000 users participating to decide on token economics (burning idle tokens) – an engagement level practically unheard of in crypto governance. This indicates an extremely large portion of their community was willing to take part in decision-making when given a straightforward way to do so. Sweat also leverages social features: the app has leaderboard (Sweat Economy to Usher 140M Users to Web3 | CIO Africa) invites, and users can share their step counts, fostering a sense of competition and camaraderie. According to their data, users became 20% more active after downloading the app, showing that the product successfully engages people in being healthier (a key goal beyond the token itself). By keeping the app free and fun (with surprise loot drops, challenges, etc.), Sweat Economy maintains high retention — users have reasons to stick around even if the token value fluctuates (Sweatcoin Review 2025: Can You Earn Crypto By Walking?) se they enjoy the experience and tangible rewards (like discounts, raffle entries, etc.). Overall, Sweat’s community engagement is strong and long-term oriented, which bodes well for its continued growth; people are there for the lifestyle benefits with the token as a bonus, rather than the other way around.
Managing Challenges – Cheating and Trust: Both STEPN and Sweat had to address the issue of cheating, which can undermine community trust. STEPN claimed to use a machine-learning anti-cheating system called SMAC to detect bots or fake GPS movement. For example, if someone tried to simulate running by spoofing their phone’s location or using automation scripts, STEPN’s system would (in theory) flag and ban them. Sweat Economy similarly verifies movement; at launch, only the official Sweatcoin app could validate steps, using phone sensors to ensure (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) is real. They plan to decentralize this by allowing third-party “Movement Validators” (like manufacturers of fitness trackers) to stake and verify exercise data in the future. This is an important community aspect: users need to trust that the system is fair and that others aren’t gaming it unfairly. So far, both projects have managed cheating well enough that it hasn’t derailed the overall communities, though it’s a constant cat-and-mouse game.
Key Engagement Takeaways: A tokenized (Sweatcoin Review 2025: Can You Earn Crypto By Walking?) project must foster a community that sees value beyond the token – whether it’s the fun of the game, the health benefits, or social belonging. STEPN’s experience showed the risk of attracting mostly “mercenaries” who leave when payouts drop. Sweat’s experience highlights the power of accessibility and genuine fitness utility in building a loyal user base. High community engagement (active social channels, user feedback loops, governance participation) correlates with higher retention and a greater chance of long-term success. Both models taught that transparent (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) uring challenges is vital: STEPN, for instance, regularly updated users on changes (like tweaking token earn rates and mint costs) which, although unpopular at times, at least kept the community informed. Sweat’s proactive engagement (e.g. explaining how the economy works, involving users in decisions) helped users feel invested in the project’s success.
Key Learnings from STEPN and Sweat Economy
From analyzing STEPN and Sweat Economy, we can extract several key (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) factors inform the probability of success for tokenized fitness projects:
- Lower Barriers = Broader Adoption: Removing paywalls leads to massive user uptake. Sweatcoin’s free-to-play model attracted over 100 million users by rewarding steps with points, then tokens. In contrast, STEPN’s requirement to purchase NFT sneakers limited its audience to those willing to invest upfront. Projects that want widespread adoption should consider freemium or low-cost entry, possibly using ads or partnerships for revenue instead of upfront user investment.
- Avoid Ponzi-nomics: Relying on continuous new user revenue to fund re (Move-to-Earn After STEPN: What’s Next for These Projects? | HardHodler on Binance Square) ustainable. STEPN’s model, like Axie Infinity’s before it, showed that if most users try to “cash out” more value than they put in, the economy will collapse when growth slows. A sustainable model needs a significant portion of users who derive non-monetary value (fitness, fun, social status) and/or are willing to spend within the app. Essentially, the value generated must come from somewhere other than just new entrant money – whether it’s from businesses funding rewards (as insurers/employers might pay for healthier people), or users (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) ential items (skins, NFTs) for enjoyment.
- Controlled Token Inflation: Unlimited token minting with fixed rewards per user can lead to hyperinflation. It’s wiser to cap or dynamically adjust rewards. One suggestion (and lesson) highlighted in analysis is to use a fixed daily reward pool that gets shared among active users – this way, if user numbers grow, each person’s reward adjusts downward, keeping token output in check. Sweat Economy’s approach of increasing difficulty to mint new SWEAT and even charging an inactivity fee (to discourage “idle” token accumulation) is a real-world example of controlling inflation. Pro (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) nsider Bitcoin-like or DAO-managed emission schedules rather than open-ended minting.
- Robust Token Sinks & Utility: To maintain token value, give users reasons to spend or lock tokens back into the system. STEPN attempted this with sneaker repair costs, leveling fees, and customization options. The idea is to create token sinks that don’t just create more earnin (Sweatcoin Review 2025: Can You Earn Crypto By Walking?) ich could worsen inflation). Cosmetic upgrades, community status symbols, or access to special modes can remove tokens from circulation without promising future token payouts. Also, introducing staking early on can convert short-term sellers into long-term holders by rewarding them in non-monetary ways (e.g. governance power, exclusive badges). A token that has varied uses – purchasing items, staking for perks, trading for services (Stepn: Rise, Fall, and Future) lue better than one that’s only used to cash out.